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Entered, according to Act of Congress, In the year 1868, by 

C . C . D A W S O X , 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 

Southern District of New York. 



SARATOGA: 



MINERAL WATERS 



\Mi 7JIJ IE T - 



J'RHKMIM, nil i:i:\Jlll\l!M, DISEASE 



*M» 



AS A REFRESHING BEVERAGE 



B"Y C- O. DAWSON. 




IISTE^T ^TOiRK.. 






I 7 





^r MAP 

of die village 
^SARATOGA SIW.S 

^5x2^^ V 1 I — ^^ \ 

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t;iKC>M.AH 



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V 







PREFACE. 



The writer of llic following pages has endeav- 
ored to give a faithful and comprehensive — though 
necessarily brief — account of Saratoga, and its re- 
markable medicinal springs. 

In regard to the character and history of these 
springs, there is manifested an increasing interest 
in every quarter of the world ; and as a descrip- 
tion of their medicinal properties is a matter of 
the utmost consequence, the writer has consulted 
the standard authorities upon the subject, and has 
not hesitated to make use of the exact language 
of medical men who have published the results of 
their experience in prescribing and using the 
waters. 

Although vast numbers annually visit the 
springs, it is evident that only a small proportion 



PBH7AI 
of those wrho might 1" i to health by the 

Of these natural nu D thus avail them- 

of their benefits "Th Lonable and 

the rich," writes an eminent divine, " who fill 
these splendid salooi not alone the people 

whom the benefice] life- 

giving fountains ; but who 

occupy the sick chambers in .ill i arts of thn 
who have ix ■'• 
relieved and comforted b^ 

I 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Tni ad minenJ waters on the 

American continent arc tho» 6 k, N. Y. 

A tract of country many miles in extent is hen- 
found abounding in mineral sprit atly di- 

versified as to their chemical combinations, 
widely varying In reaped to their importance as 
medicinal agents. The springs occur in a valley 

which runs nearly north and smith through the 
elevated table lands of this i i nd in the 

midf ftery Of ■ varied and pktur< ;ar- 

acter. Mountain i. hose bold outli] 

seen In the distant >und ; rii the 

finest in the world; rivulets and • 
numbers and of exquisite beauty; dense fon 
still undisturbed by the woodman's a\e ; lakes 
surpassing liveliness; the peculiar charm of culti- 
vated fields and rural villages, — all contribute to 
render this portion of the state highly attractive 
to the professional tourist, as well as to the ordi- 
nary seeker after health and pleasure. 

The county of Saratoga lies between those 

streams so "famed in BOng and story," the Hud- 
son river on the north and east, and the Mohawk 

on the south. To the north-west its Burma 

mountainous, suggesting the region of mountain- 
wilderness which lies beyond; bu :iOS8 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



gives way, as, in its central and southerly portions, 
it slopes toward the fruitful valley of the Mo- 
hawk, and displays a finely cultivated district. 
The soil is generally fertile. Iron-ore, sandstone, 
and limestone are abundant. The atmosphere is 
dry, pure, and highly electric, and its invigorating 
effects are peculiarly grateful to persons having 
weak or diseased lungs, and to all who are suffer- 
ing in any way from the influences of a miasmatic 
climate, or the damp, chilling winds common to 
the sea-coast. 

The village of Saratoga Springs is situated near 
the center of the county, thirty-eight miles "by 
railroad north of Albany, and thirty-two miles 
north of Troy. It has a delightful location, three 
hundred feet above tide-water, in the vicinity of 
those mountain ranges which form the water-shed 
between the St. Lawrence and Lake Cliamplain. 
The Kayaderosseras, two thousand feet above the 
sea level, is only ten or twelve miles to the north- 
west, while within view, at the east and south, are 
the high ranges of the Green Mountains and the 
Catskills. 

Although many watering-places which have ac- 
quired some notoriety within the last half century 
are now fallen into disrepute, this place has main- 
tained a steady progress, and is now one of the 
most flourishing and attractive of our inland vil- 
lages. It numbers, at the present time, about 
eight thousand inhabitants. Its churches, schools, 






and ! a character suited to th<- ntrrssi- 

of ;l place of wealth and fashion. E 
\>v\\ with handsomely ornamented 

grounds, are numerous, and rapidly multiplying 
with the increase of opulent citizens who estab- 
lish country-eeata here, or, upon retiring from 
active business, make it the place of their i>erma- 
ni'in abode. In thi iwn is speedily 

acquiring a resemblance to the most eelebral 
European watering-places. The | the 

prineipa] fountains are adorned with a great num- 
ber of f 1 ornamental trees, and, with the 
well paved and finely-shaded m the leading 
thoroughfares, render a promenade ■ delightful 
recreation. Provisions f< r the convenient and com- 
fortable accommodation of visitors le on a 

liberal Scale, Furnished houses for the seal 

may be obtained by those who desire them. Pn 
rate boarding-houses are of course numerous. The 

: t'ashionahle hotels are tl. | lla'l.'' 

u Union Botel," and the "Clarendon." These 
immense structures, having accommodation lor 

from live hundred to fifteen hundred persons earh ; 

and for elegance, perfection of mai at, and 

sumptuous fare, are unsurpassed In the country. 

The Union Hotel, of which the enterprising 
fcfee vm) are prop] n irnmei 

establishment, covering, with its various buildii 

c^urf yard, walks, etc., an entire block of "T > ind. 



CCNCRESS ST. 



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DININC 

HALL 



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SARATOGA SPiUNGS. 



It is eminently roomy and comfortable, and as a 
summer resort is probably unsurpassed in this 
country. The number of its rooms — many of them 
in suites for the accommodation of families — is 
upward of seven hundred. The dining-room pro- 
per, on Congress street, with wide and airy spaces 
through the hall and between the tables, accommo- 
dates one thousand persons ; while, with the addi- 
tion of the north piazza, expressly designed as an 
auxiliary, the dining-room capacity is increased to 
fourteen hundred. Over half a mile of piazzas — 
an indispensable feature of summer hotels — and a 
dancing hall, 75 by 200 feet, on Washington street, 
are among the attractions of the Union. It is 
fitted np in excellent style, and is rendered espe- 
cially attractive by the fine grove of elms consti- 
tuting its court-yard — partially inclosed by its 
various buildings — where the band of the Union 
plays daily. Large buildings for swimming, pi unge, 
shower, hot and cold water baths, a club house, 
and an elegant opera house, with a capacity for 
accommodating fifteen hundred persons, add to 
the completeness of the establishment. The Union 
occupies the block lying between Washington and 
Congress streets, fronting on Broadway, with its 
rear on Federal street. Its location, in the imme- 
diate vicinity of the Congress Spring Park, is 
central and delightful. Its proprietors are con- 
nected with several of the finest hotels of the 
country, and have acquired a wide celebrity as lib- 






,.,•:,] and successful cat Hiey justly pride 

themselves upon the sumptuous and eleganl t 
jtinguiahes their esta b li sh m* 

Congress Hall, II II. Bathomi proprietor, 
is an entirely new building, i i on tl>- - 

■■„. , i«i house of the same namr wliicl. I 

ojed by fire, Maj ft fa oomple* 

Lnterior arrangements, as well as In an archil 

tural point of view, it is one of the fin. - 

the country. It is five stories high, and lias ■ t 
on Broadway of tour hundred and sixteen I 
tending from Spring to Con lth two 

wings of equal height, three hun ush, 

extending to Putnam BtreeJ In the rear. It over- 
looks the Congress Spring and the beautiful 
Minis surrounding it, which are situated on the 
opposite side of Cong] t. Ample piai 

and shaded balconies afford g 1 ' 1<> 

facilities tor viewing the multitudes always throng- 
in the vicinity of these chief attractions of the 
village. The hails throughout the bo 
feel wide. It contains all the modern hnpn 
ments, having immense and magnificent dining 
halls; a correspondingly ample culinary dep 

ment. With many novel and desirable featUl 
superior accommodations for bathing; bells and 
S in every room; water-closets on every ftoof : 

and every provision practicable lor the convenience 

and comfort of its guests. By means of iron 



I 



da aged to slide in the partition walls, 

— which are thickness on I 

►lint,— the l -itly 

cm, 

tin- advantage of which, in will 

be readily appreciated. The h 
good can- of from twelve hundred to 1 
hundred p< proprietor was long well 

and favorably known ss the i roprietor of the for- 
mer house. 

The Spring annually visited by opwmid 

of seventy thousand strangers, coming 
pari of the Union, and from Canada, Eun 
Mexico, Booth America, and the West Ind 
Excellenl bands of music play si the hot. 
afternoon and evening during the heighl of 

son, and a fine band also disci 
in the elegant park of the Cong during 

some hours of each day. The b 
witli b gay and brilliant multitude, i . in 

riding, driving, or walking, each enjoying to the 
utmost a fa cinating kind of busy idleness. 
Amusements of various kinds abound, and oond 
much to the general lively and animated app< 
ance of the town, while they indicate that 1 1< asure 
and fashion are happily combined, and ni< si prop 
orly associatod with the medical treatment 

The Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad passes 
tarottgh the village, connecting, at Troy, with 
the Hudson River and Harlem Rail] rom 



SAK\TOGA SPRINGS. 



Now Fork ; at Albany, with the People's Line of 
steamers on the Hudson River, and the Boston 
and Albany Railroad from the east; at Schenec- 
tady, with tne New York Central Railroad from 
the west; and at Rutland, with the Rutland and 
Burlington Railroad from both north and east ; 
and at Whitehall, with the Lake Cham plain 
steamers. Trains on the Rensselaer and Saratoga 
Railroad run each w r ay twice a day, during the 
winter months, and three or more times a day 
during the summer months, connecting at above- 
named points with trains and steamers from all 
portions of the Northern, Eastern, and Western 
States, and Canada. Passengers by the day boats 
on the Hudson River have a full view of the mag- 
nificent Highlands of the Hudson, and of the Cats- 
kill Mountains, . and reach Saratoga the same 
evening. Lake George, I ake Champlain, the 
Green Mountains, the Thousand Islands, Niagara 
Falls, Trenton Falls, Richfield, Sharon and Leb- 
anon Springs, are all within a day's travel of 
Saratoga. 

The country about Saratoga affords a variety 
of attractive drives, among the most popular of 
which is a short one of only four miles to Saratoga 
Lake. This beautiful sheet of water is visited 
daily by large parties during the season. Hotels 
upon its banks provide tempting dinners of fish 
and game, and boats are at hand for such as desire 
to enjoy a trip upon the water. 



LTOG \ bpki: 



Bends' Heights, in the town of Stillwater, the 
Be of the famous engagement be tw ee n Bar- 
goyne and General and the srene of Bnr- 

goyne's surrender, In Schuylerville, are within i 
pleasant two boots' drive of the Springs. They 
;ir<- Imperishably associated with mom of the d 
Important events In the early history ofoareonvtry. 

Within a short distance of the Springs an 
eral elevated points which afford eharacterii 
views of the Bosneryof thk a All bnsj 

able combinations and I detail an* lure 

presented, but each position displays some i 

feature of mountain scenery, m ' ith 

Lakes of erystaJ purity, silv. ms, and beanti- 

fui valleys, which can soi tail to la- keenly enjoj 
by all who find a pleasnie In charming paDoramk 
effects. Among those elevations which will Ust 
repay tin* visit <>f the tourist aw Waring Hill, or 
"Mount Loper" s ixt een mil nt,oa the n 

to Mount Pleasant ; Stills' Hill, whieh BJ 1 
by B drive of a few miles along the east l>as< 

the Palmertown Mountain -. Chapman v Hill, which 
breached by extending the lake drive across the 
bridge, and along the lake shore, for a mile, tum- 
Ing thence to the let short and sharp ascent ; 

Wagmau's TTill, which lies three miles beyond the 

last named, and is nearly sixty feel higher; and 

Hagerty Hill, six miles from the Sp r inge, near the 
road leading from the village to Lnse rn e , <>n the 
Hudson River. 









SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Corinth Falls, in the Hudson, are fifteen miles 
north of Saratoga Springs, and about one mile 
from Jessup's Landing. Baker, Glen, and Hadley 
Falls are also among the numerous falls of the 
Hudson. These are about eighteen miles from 
the Springs, and, like Corinth Falls, are highly 
interesting, and well entitled to the notice, of the 
tourist. 

Lake George, greatly renowned for its prom- 
inent association with our early colonial and 
revolutionary history, as well as for its remarkable 
beauty, is- twenty-seven miles distant. The strik- 
ing scenery of its banks y its singular transparency, 
and the multitudes of little islands which dot its 
surface like gems of emerald, render it probably the 
most picturesque sheet of water in the eountry. 

A view of the celebrated Cohoes Falls, on the 
Mohawk, is afforded in passing by rail from Al- 
bany to the Springs ; but a carriage ride to the 
Falls, through the beautiful agricultural lands of 
that section, will give a much more satisfactory 
idea of the Falls and surrounding scenery. 

A new avenue, which is called the " Mountain 
Drive/' has recently been opened by the exten- 
sion of Broadway northerly from the village. 
When the, projected improvements are completed 
it will be a popular thoroughfare^ 

But notwithstanding its connection with the 
War for American Independence, its salubrious 
climate, and the scenic charms of the country, 



<►- 



<; 







must alwaj h i * - f 1 y cele- 

brated for its mineral fountains, and aa a reaorfl for 

invalids and |»l< rs. 

Mineral ratan have doubtless been need for 
th<' cure of diseases from theenrJiesl ages. They 

are among those natural remedies u hi< h a ] rimi- 
tive people would be likely to find best acci mmo- 

dated to their simple habits, and which tliey would 
adopt with that quick instin.t, the wisdom and 

beneficence of whose guidance i> so oft 

firmed in more favored times by an enlightened 
judgment and the remits of scientific res. 
Accustomed to a nomadic life, these people would 

of necessity seek the Vicinity "f fringe and Streams 

of water fur their temporary retting-] and 

as all spring and well waters are impregnated 

more or less with mineral elements derived from 
the toil through Which they pass, ami fairing 

in different localities, they would soon discover 
that certain waters possessed peculiar virtues. 
Only such Waters, however, as may 1h- 

the treatment old me special in- 

fluence on the animal economy, are properly class- 
ed as mineral waters. Anciently, such \ rere 

regarded as almost sacred ; and when Ifcepool of 

Hethesda was agitated so that its strong medicinal 
properties were most active, the waiting multi- 
tudes supposed that an angel from heaven " trou- 
bled the water." The Greeks used mineral 
for drinking as well as for bathing ; ami the luxu- 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



rious Romans were accustomed to spend their sum- 
mer months at the once famous watering-place of 
Baise, where a mild climate, a sheltered coast, and 
delightful scenery combined their attractions with 
those of the waters whose healing powers had then 
a world-wide celebrity. In the old world, the 
springs of Harrowgate, Cheltenham, and Bath, in 
England, Seidlitz in Bohemia, Spa in Belgium, 
Baden-Baden and Seltzer in Germany, and Aix-la- 
Chapelle in Rhenish Prussia, while they are of 
very ancient renown, are still at this day annually 
resorted toby thousands of fashionable and wealthy 
pleasure-seekers, as well as by invalids of almost 
every description. 

It has already been remarked that mineral 
springs abound throughout this vicinity. Many 
of these possess very little medicinal virtue. 
Among those at or near the village are the Con- 
gress, Empire, Columbian, Hamilton, Excelsior, 
Pavilion, Putnam, Washington, Star, High Rock, 
and Seltzer. Of these, by far the most important, 
commercially, as well as the most interesting for 
their medicinal character and history, are the three 
first-named. A particular notice of these springs 
will include all that it is needful to say in regard 
to the general character of the mineral waters of 
Saratoga. 



O — ♦ 






CONGRESS. SPRING. 



This, tin; most famous of the medicinal B] I 

of Saratoga, was discovered in L7V2, by a partg 
gentlemen who wei ged in hunting in tin; 

vicinity. One of these was .Join Twi.ok Oil- 
man, a member of Congress, from Exeter, N 
Bampahire. Their attention was attracted to ;i 
small stream of water issuing from tin . nk 

of the creek along which they were strolling, and 

which, apOO being t «st .«1, WIS found to In- ■ min- 
eral water of agreeable taste and ible 
strength. The importance of the discovers 

to have heen at once apprehended, and out ofoom- 

plimenl to the Leading personage of the company, 

and as a token of their high Opinion of its value, 

the name of the Congress Spring \n: 

and then' bestowed upon it. At tirst fly 

oonld be obtained only in small quaiilifleo, owing 

to the position of the rock, and the nature of the 
aperture from which it Bowed; and this, with its 

increasing popularity , soon being found to he insuf- 
ficient, efforts were made to render it more 
Bible, and at the same time to increase the BOpplj. 
These efforts resulted in a temjK.rary obstruction 
of the water. 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



In 1804, Gideon Putnam, who was one of the 
founders of the village, a:id to whose enterprise 
and liberality it is indebted for many valuable im- 
provements, observing bubbles rising to the surface 
of the brook within a few feet from the spot at which 
the water was first observed to flow, conceived the 
idea that the principal point of discharge was in 
the bed of the brook, and that by turning the 
stream aside through an artificial channel t this 
invaluable spring might be permanently secured. 
In carrying out this design he was entirely suc- 
cessful, a copious supply of the mineral water being 
found to flow from the point indicated. After thus 
reaching the spring, he caused the earth to be care- 
fully removed some feet below the bed of the 
brook, and by proper tubing so effectually pro- 
tected it that an apparently unlimited supply was 
secured, without the necessity of any further exca- 
vation or tubing, for about forty years. At this 
time the grounds containing the Congress spring 
were owned by the Livingstons, an old and well 
known family, who had obtained the property 
under an early grant or purchase. 

In 1823, Dr. John Clarke, of New York, a gentle- 
man of very considerable scientific knowledge, and 
who had introduced the first soda-water fountains 
in that city, having seen and examined the water, 
and being convinced of its great medical virtues, 
and prospective commercial value, purchased the 
spring farm, as well as other property in the vicin- 



itv, and at 0008 instituted various improvements, 

and oommeneed bottling the waters far exp i 

tioi Je. This business was carried on by 

1a- Dr. Cl nd his partner in rfew Y<»rk. 

under the style of Lthcb bkb, until the 

death of the former, abort r wliich l>r. 

.John QLABKfl conducted it alone. 
In 1H42, the original tubing having b ec o m e 
oewhat impaired, I>r. Claju be 

thoroughly overhauled, and a substantial new 
crih to D8 sunk to the point at which the Wl 

from the rock below. Here, by n. 
careful packing with day, it was s ecur e d in such 
a nmnii the spring more perfeetlj 

than ever i»« fore, while at the same time the sup 
ply wai sensibly augmented. Th< 

tinned and so -adily increased under l>i 
judicious management, until tlie time of his death, 
which OOGOrred in 1846. Pot BOOM years af* 
lit the business wm carried on by Dr. Clakk 

, under the name of < 'i. LB1 

ut the 3 .. Willi \m & Win 

who had been previously oonnected witli the boaV 
b as an employe^ acquired an in the 

prop ad thereafter Assumed control of the 

same, condneting the business in the name 
CLABKB A Whim; Be Continued the system of 

re and costly improvements inaugural 
by Dr. I and Largely in< the sal 

the wai and permanently secure 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



which, in their natural purity and strength, he 
expended large amounts. 

In July, 1865, the property passed from the 
executors of the estate of William B. White 
into the hands of a company incorporated under 
the laws of the State of New York, who, at the 
same time, purchased the Empire Spring, and 
assumed the management of the business, under 
the name of the Congress and Empire Spring 
Company. This company continues the bottling, 
packing and shipping of the waters, the sale of 
which is, by virtue of a contract made in Decem- 
ber^ 1865, undertaken entirely by HoTCHKISS , 
Sons, of 58 Cliff street, New York. Through the 
agency of these parties, the waters are sent, not 
only to all portions of the United States and the 
British Provinces, but, to a considerable extent, 
also, to Mexico, South America, the West Indies, 
Europe, and China. The sale in foreign countries 
is constantly increasing. The home demand was 
never so great as at the present time. It would be 
difficult indeed to find a town of any magnitude in 
the United States where these waters are not kept 
for sale ; and scarcely a vessel leaves our shores 
for any distant port which does not reckon them 
among its stores or freight. 






EMPIRE SPRING. 



Tirrs spring is situated mar the base of ■ high 
limestone bluff in the northerly pari of thevillaj 

aUout, three fourths of a mile from tli 

Spring, and is the most northerly spring of 

considerable Importance within the village limits. 

The presence of mineral water in this locality 

had been known foralong period J but. owin. 

the popularity of the Congr e s s Spring! and the 
greal expense attending the excavations and Inv 
provements requisite to make the iratei practi- 
cally available, its development was neglected 

until the year L846, when Wm.i i \m and Hi 
Robinson, who were the ownen of the property, 

undertook to tube it. They mad.- an ion 

about twelve feel in depth, eight of which pSJI 

through the dense hard pan to the solid n 

from which the water was found to lsSU€ N DOpt- 

OUSly that it became a task of no small magnitude 

properly to secure it. It was tubed, however, 

directly from the rock, and in the mosl thorough 

and satisfactory manner. The water immediately 
attracted general attention, and it was evident 
that it was of a quality scarcely, if at all. Inferior 
in any respect to that of tin* Congress Spring, 



while a chemical analysis, irhicfa was made 
daring the same yea? by ProC K. E 

State Gfoologist, and a mail of einin Qtific 

attainments, developed tin* fact that it 

some valuable properties which adapted it to the 

lafbl treatment of various fornu of lunL r 
complaints — a class of diseases hitherto th< 
to be beyond the remedial powi 
of this localii chief distinguishing feature 

race of a large proportion of iodfas, 
a remedy possessing great and Important quail- 

and which hai bei d use I with remarkable 

success in tin' dire of alii!" 

chronic auctions. The knowledge of its <•! 

trristic properties tlms acquired, so favorably 

Impressed Prof Kmm<>\< thai he Immediately par- 
chased One-fburth interest in the spring ; and its 

successful use in the treatment of diseases I i 

it a rapidly Increasing popularity, and fully 

tinned the favorable opinio! inally founded 

upon its scientific anal} - 

From the genera] resemblance of this t » the 
Congress Spring, it was at first called the 

Congress; 91 hut afterward, in 1848, when it 

Into the hands of Qbobob W. W] od Pbgk- 

eam 11 Qbebn, it received its present nan 
significant of its spe lily acquired Import 

These parties under the firm name of <; W. Wks- 
Ton \ CO., commence! bottling the wat r. and 
making extensive improvements, particularly in 



V" 



SARAT0GA SPRINGS. 



the opening of streets, and draining and ornament 
ing the grounds, and their business soon acquired 
a considerable degree of magnitude. 

In 1861, the property was sold for $100,000, xo 
D. A. Knowlton, and in 1863, Knowlton con 
veyed the same to the Saratoga Empire Spring 
Company, of which company he became the Presi- 
dent, and by whom the present buildings were 
erected. This company transferred the property 
by deed to the Congress & Empire Spring 
Company, upon its consolidation with that com- 
pany, in 1865, the latter company thus assuming 
its management in connection with that of the 
Congress Spring, as already stated. The contract 
with Hotchkiss' Sons applied also to this Spring, 
and through their agency a largely increased sale 
of the waters has been effected. 



COLUMBIAN SPRING. 



This mineral spring, situated only a few rods 
southwesterly from the Congress, was originally 
tubed by Gideon Putnam, about the year 1805. 
It soon acquired a considerable reputation for its 
tonic properties, and of late years has become 
widely known for its virtues in particular diseases, 
of which mention will be made hereafter. Since 






the discovery of diar remedial properties, 

of its waters, ai weD as the quantity 

, Irani. largely increased, and at 

tin* present time the demand If nearly equal t<> the 
capacity of the spring. Being situated upon the 
same property with the Congress Spring, Dr. .ions 
Clabke came into possessl »n of it at the tin 
liis purchase of the O and it ins ever 

been owned and controlled by the same parti 

The spring Issues from the natural rock, about 
sen " fo©i below the surface of the ground, and is 
protected by :i heavy wooden tubing, which is 
deeply Lncrusted by a ferruginous deposit 



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 
These springs, In their genera] appeari 

so nearlv alike, that they may he described in 

almost the same terms. A> viewed at the sprin 
the waters present a simmering appearance, which 
is sometimes increased to a degree of violent agita- 
tion, caused by the escape of tn^ carbonic acid 
which is constantly g off) and which, being 

more dense than the atmosphere, collects over the 

surface of the water to such an extent as to be im 

mediately fatal to breathing animals placed in 

close contact with it. 



<> 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



The waters are limpid and sparkling, which 
qualities they retain in a remarkable degree when 
bottled ; although the Columbian Water, being 
strongly impregnated with iron, deposits a red- 
dish-brown sediment, with which also the glasses 
used at the spring become incrusted. The glasses 
used in dipping the waters of the Congress and 
Empire Springs become tarnished with a whit- 
ish incrustation, indicating, particularly in the 
case of the Congress Spring, the presence of a large 
amount of magnesia. 

The waters have a saline, acidulous taste, which 
is seldom considered unpleasant. Indeed, while 
their medicinal properties are most effective, they 
are highly agreeable to the palate, and those who 
are accustomed to their habitual use regard them 
as a delightful beverage. This is, in a large de- 
gree, owing to the presence of the carbonic acid 
gas, which gives the bright sparkling appearance 
to wines, and renders soda waters and sim- 
ilar preparations so extremely palatable. Great 
numbers of persons drink the waters daily, merely 
to allay thirst, or to gratify the palate ; and even 
though taken in liberal quantities they are re- 
garded as invigorating and healthy, and their 
effects are seldom unpleasant. 

The temperature of the springs preserves a great 
degree of uniformity — that of the Congress being 
49°, the Empire 54°, and the Columbian 49°,— 
with the variation of scarcely a degree in all the 

<0-. < 



SARATOGA SPKi: 



and cold throughout the j • 
This fact, together with the circumstance of the 
waters being bol slightly affected by arel or dry 
weather, has led to the belief, entertained by many 

antific men, thai fountains have their 

soorc real < 1« *j >t 1 1 in t Ik- earth. 

The combination of ao large an amount of car- 
bonic acid in the water, more than one volume of 

the gas being held in solution, increases itfl ]»ov. 
to bold other minerals in solution, and accounts 
for the tact that the water, upon I BOO, de- 

posits mineral salts which many ti: >ulk of 

common rain-water will not re-dl 

When properly bottled and corked, the in 

markable tacil'r oely 

undergoing any change whatever, chemically or 

medicinally, m any climate, or after I v.-ry con- 

siderab] of time. The bottles, however; 

should be kept in a horizontal position, to prevent 
the shrinking of corks ; and with this simple | 

caution, the waters may be safely taken upon 1- 

sea \roy ages, and will he found hriirht and sparkling 
even after the la] feral y< 

Various te>ts. which have been applied doxii 

loner series of years, indicate that there has been 

appreciable change in the chemical proper 
or medicinal qualities of the waters, and l 
torily prove that these fountains retain their orig- 
inal character in a remarkahle manner. 

Although, on being exposed totheata 




SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



a considerable quantity of carbonic acid gas is dis- 
engaged from tlie waters, experiments liave shown 
that they still retain the gas largely m combina- 
tion, for which reason no considerable precipitation 
of their salts takes place until the waters them- 
selves are evaporated. 



MEDICINAL PEOPEETIES 

OF THESE WATEBS. 

Congress Water.— While these waters have 
active remedial properties, their effects, when used 
in comparative health, as an agency for promoting 
and regulating the healthy secretions and excre- 
tions of the body, should not be overlooked. They 
give tone to, and prevent uneasiness of, the stom- 
ach, especially when drank in small quantities 
after meals ; and their slightly stimulating effects 
are especially agreeable to the overtaxed and 
wearied man of business, who feels that something 
is wanted to " clear the head," and to give acute- 
ness and working power to the mental organism. 
Being readily absorbed and conveyed by the cir- 
culation through the entire system, their stimulat- 
ing effects are speedily perceived, and the result 
is an almost immediate sense of freshness and 
quickened vitality. As a preventive also of fevers 
and bilious disorders their use is very beneficial ; 

-— < 






in the habitual use of the ami 
rarely or never Buffering fir no those periodica] 
tacks of fever, headache, and other afl in- 

dicating ive biliary secret oommon in 

this country. fl TOM 

of disease, when taken in health, these waters are 
the "ounce of prevention " wliicli is infinitely I 
ter than a " pound of cure." 

an aperient or cathari great ^ 

taken at proper times, and in suitable quantiJ 

needed to be most innocent ii pro- 

ducing no reaction which can injure even a deli 

titution ; and its 006 may be persevered in 

almost any length of time, without Increasing the 
quantity taken, as is so often necessary in the use 
of Other cathartic* Even irith a gradual diminu- 
tion of the quantity, free evaco ill continue 
until the system is properly relieved. The* 
are produced without in any manner debilitating 
the alimentary canal, or impairing th ive 
powers of the stomach ; while the spirits, appef 
and general health are improved and b d. 
In all those functional affections of the organs 
employed in the process ituting 
what is usually termed <i>, tlie waters of 

this spring have long maintained ■ liiirji an< i Re- 
serve I reputation. Multitudes of both (ten 
Buffer from constipation of the bowels until all the 
evil consequences of such a condition are realized 
in extreme debility, nervou au\ prostration 



SARVTOC.V SPTUNGS. 



of the vital energies of the system, who might 
find speedy and certain relief by the use of this 
simple and harmless remedy. Invalids have been 
often surprised and delighted, after using the 
waters a few weeks, to find themselves rapidly 
gaining flesh and strength ; the real secret of their 
improvement being in the effect of the water, 
which greatly increases the power of assimilation, 
thereby securing a larger proportion of the nutri- 
tion contained in food, much of which is lost when 
the digestive functions have become impaired. In 
cases of chronic dyspepsia, a persevering use of the 
water, with proper dietetic restrictions, and suitable 
attention to the ordinary rules of health, gives the 
sufferer a speedy sense of relief, and in the end is 
certain to eradicate the disease, with its attendant 
miseries. 

Where there is a debilitated condition of the 
stomach and bowels, resulting in chronic diarrhoea, 
the water acts at once as a mild and agreeable 
cathartic, producing free dejections, without lan- 
guor or debility, thus removing the foetid and 
irritating accumulations induced by the inflated 
state of the svstem, and which provoke the dis- 
ease ; and it also acts as a gentle stimulant, by 
which the digestive functions are improved, and 
such additional strength imparted to the body as 
enables nature successfully to combat with the 
disease. These effects indicate the grounds upon 
which these waters have long been recommended 






of ekoli r<f. In the appear- 

ance of the premonitory symptoms, or of an actum] 
attack of the disease, they have been used, in eon- 
nection with other remedies, frith tin- I -Its. 

Phe waters operate powerfully upon the biliary 
organs without enfeebling — the effects which, in 
cholera, ph; endeavor to produce by calo- 

mel pills combined with opium. The late Cb 

or Walworth, but a abort time beti 
death, published, in an Albany paper, a Letter 
which hits since been Issued in pamphlet form, 
and extensively copied by the press of the country , 
in which he detailed his experience In tin 
Congress Water, both as a preventive of, and a 
remedy for, this terrible dia hat 

very efficient relief might be obtained by 

The use of the water as a cathartic is also bene- 
ficial in jaundice, the various formi ia, 

irgemeni of the liv&r and spL 
affections, cutaneotu i, and in nearly all i 

orders occasioned by that round onablo 

indulgences generally termed "high living." In- 
stead of causing nausea or disturbance of the 
stomach, as \s tin i flfeci of ordinary cathartics, the 

water, while it produces copious evacuation-. 

at the same time to Invigorate the whole sy st em, 
giving a relish for the i and most common 

articles of food. The freedom from griping pains 

which is noticeable in t he cal hart ic Operations of 

the water, is owing to the sedative effects ol the 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



carbonic acid gas, which also tends to prevent that 
sense of languor usually accompanying" the opera- 
tions of ordinary medicines of this class. 

The proper time to take these waters as a 
cathartic is in the morning only, except in cases 
where satisfactory effects are not obtained from 
the morning draught, when it may be taken as a 
laxative on going to bed, to be followed in the 
morning by such additional quantity of the water 
as will answer the wishes of the patient, without 
subjecting him to inconvenience. This being, es- 
pecially in persons of weak or irritable stomachs, 
the only time in the twenty-four hours in which 
the digestive organs are not engaged in the solu- 
tion and absorption of aliment, is evidently the 
best time to interpose a mild, exhilarating, and 
efficient cathartic. Let the water be taken always 
before breakfast, and in quantities sufficient to 
produce a free evacuation, and leave the digestive 
functions at liberty to exert their renewed powers 
on the next portion of food received into the stom- 
ach. Many persons receive permanent injury by 
indulging too freely in the use of the water, sup- 
posing that its beneficial effects are in proportion 
to the quantity imbibed, whereas the facts are very 
different. Two or three half-pint tumblers full, 
drank leisurely at the spring or from the bottle ; 
a pleasant walk, if practicable, for ten or fifteen 
minutes ; another glass or two, if desired, on re- 
turning to breakfast, which may be eaten in twenty 






i \ simu: 



or thirty minutes after, — a sip of tea or coffee 1" 
previously taken, — will generally Insure tin- fall 
cathartic effect at one-; and if the operation 
more active than desired, the quantity may be 
diminished, and if not sufficient, Km i the 

: morniE 

If tin' witter at its natural temperature produces 
chilliness, lei it stand (properly bottled and corki 
in your room over night; and if more active < 
thartic effects are desired, immerse the bottle, un- 
corked, for a short time in warm water, drinkl 
its contents while warm, and the desired eff 
will be speedily obtained. When the temperature 
of the water is thus raised, some portkui of the 
carbonic acid gas b anl pass. - 

otf, and the taste is Less agreeable, but still nol 
especially unpleasant. 

A free indulgence in the water during the di 

more likely to be injurious than beneficial, as 
when the stomach is full the water imbibed (if in 
In l Lantities) only tends to disturb di 

tion, and generally fails of producing the cathi 
effect which properly follows the mornii ght 

As an alterative, however, after prop 

effects have been obtained from the use of the wa- 
ter, it may be taken in small potations rep atedly 

through the day. If the draughts are limited to 
such very moderate quantiti ill produce no 

unpleasant feeling, and DO disturbance of the 
digestive functions, the water will | q up in 



SARATOGA SPTtlNGS. 



the circulation, and conveyed throughout the sys- 
tem, thus gradually effecting a change in all the 
secretions of the body, by which the work of 
renovation and reparation is more perfectly accom- 
plished. 

As a diuretic and tonic, also, the water may be 
taken between meals, not exceeding a glass or two 
at a time, and as often as once in three or four 
hours. Taken in this manner it will be found to 
be agreeably stimulating, and to have a marked 
effect on the kidneys and bladder; although, 
owing to the peculiar properties of the Columbian 
Spring Waters, they are more frequently recom- 
mended when these effects are desired. 

As a general renovator and preserver of health, 
as a home remedy at once innocent and efficient, 
Congress Water is of incalculable value. It is pre- 
scribed by the faculty in certain diseases with as 
much confidence as any preparation known to the 
apothecary. It is in an eminent sense Nature's 
own remedy, and thousands use it who resort to 
no other medicine, never suffering themselves to 
be without it in their houses, and never venturing 
to go upon a long journey, especially a voyage at 
sea, without being provided with it as an excellent 
and judicious traveling companion. It is an al- 
most absolute preventive of sea-sickness. Hon. 
Tiiurlow Weed declares that " no family ought 
to cross the Atlantic without Congress Water." 
"I have drank it," he says, "in the Tropical 






Islands, in England, in Prance, In Germany, aad 
tally, with the same beneficia] effects an when 
drawn fresh from the Spring f and he and many 
others chan it, truly is, a ihllfjio 

".!' • 

Empire Water.— The close resemblance of 
this water to tin- Con g r e ss in man proper- 

ilea lias already been remarked. In the cathartic 
eflecta of the two waters, ti once is scarcely 

appreciable, although from the | 

quantity of* magnesia in tin- Congress Water, the 

operation of the lal what m 

pungent. But with very many e«.iistituti.»ns tlie 

Empire Water produces the most agreeable 

It can not be predicted With certainty In any in- 
stance, which water, as % cathartic, will 1 

effective, and after trial and com] of the 

effects of both waters, the preferenc juently 

giTen to this. 

The value of the wafers has h. en heal shown in 

the treatment of obscure and clironic di oceses . In 
many Instances iave been I to 

health, or greatly relieved by the use of these rem- 
edies, when all others proved Of DO avail. Al- 
though the Of chemical analysis lias DOW 

attained a good degree of accuracy, the 

doubtless still contain elenien: t know; 

chemistry or pharmacy. These, entering into and 
forming a pari of the inimitable composition of 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



these waters, enable tliem to exercise upon the 
general economy a multifarious action which all 
the united resources of ordinary therapeutics can 
not effect. The salts of iodine are of recent discov- 
ery in chemistry, but, as component parts of certain 
mineral waters, have long been successfully used 
in the treatment of disease. It is evident, there- 
fore, that there may be other remedies in these 
waters still unrecognized except in the effects pro- 
duced by their use. 

Empire water is used successfully by those who 
are suffering from the incipient stages of pulmo- 
nary disease. Instead of producing fever, increase 
of cough, or any other unpleasant symptoms, it 
gives relief, and causes a diminution of night 
sweats. Coughs and pains about the pectoral 
regions, where dependent upon a diseased action or 
irritated condition of the stomach and bowels, are 
also most effectually removed by a persevering use 
of the water. 

This water contains a larger proportion of iodine 
than any other of the mineral springs of Saratoga. 
As a medicine this substance is known to possess 
important qualities; and it has been introduced 
as a remedy in the cure of almost every species of 
chronic affection. It is supposed to exert a special 
influence over the absorbent or lymphatic system ; 
and in the treatment of goitre and scrofula, as well 
as all other diseases attended with indolent en- 
largement of the glands, it has maintained a high 



<■ 



<-A SIMM' 



— r 



jukI deserved reputation, In oasei 
ase of this wnt<r has been uniformly attended with 
benefit, and frequently lias res ul ted Ka the entire 
mora] of the disease. In all dyspeptic and bili 

is eminently beneficial, ai also in the remo- 
val and cure of the thousand unpleasant resnlti 
constipation, Those who drink this water find th; 
requires afled them as a cathartic after u- 

it a few weeks or months than when first taken. 

This water is especially adapted t<> the successful 

treatment of rht " mutism and ffOlU, which | 

tain to he improved or cured by i - and all 

§ qf th, si. in, pimpUi, bloiehe$ t and 
ulc&rs, are mosl effectually eradicated, while 
purifying effect adds tone t<> tl leh^and in 

• rates the who|. 

remedy for the diseases natural to warm climai 

especially int< fmitt, ,,t , ffCUtfie and bill 

(f//.s< n t< ties, and dixnfth is <>/ //,■ !ir- r, this watt 
a remedy <»f remarkable efficacy. It 

to the circulation, removes consti p at i o n , create- 
appetite, and promotes a healthy condition of all 
the secretions and excretions of the system. 

The directions for using this water are the I 
as for Congress Water, and those who use the. bottled 

waters will fmd a pint bottle ordinarily sufficient 
d cathartic in the morning, hut a larger portion 

may be taken it deemed n to increase the 

effect, and the quantity required can be determined 

always by a fair trial of tin' water. 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



As an alterative, from one-fourth to a whole tum- 
bler should be taken three or four times a day. 

As a diuretic or tonic it should be taken between 
meals, a glass or two at a time. 

The Hon. Scuyler Colfax states that Empire 
Water is, to him, " the most agreeable in taste of 
all the Saratoga Waters." In it are happily com- 
bined the properties of an efficient medicinal agent, 
and those of a pleasant and exhilarating beverage. 

Columbian Water. — This water, possessing 
valuable diuretic, tonic, and alterative properties, 
is deserving special attention from those who are 
suffering the debility and prostration which result 
from long-continued diseases of the kidneys and 
bladder, gravel, and irritated condition of the ure- 
thra, aggravated, it may be, by neglect or impru- 
dence. In all such cases the Columbian Water can 
be used with the assurance of immediate relief from 
the annoying and distressing symptoms which be- 
long to this class of diseases, and of the restoration 
of the healthy action of those organs. 

As a chalybeate mineral water it possesses sin- 
gularly active properties, which have the effect to 
dissolve the calculi, and prevent accumulation of 
deposits in the bladder. For the distressing dis- 
ease known as diabetes, it stands unrivaled as a 
remedial agent. A fair trial will remove all doubts 
of its positive beneficial effects in all inflammatory 
conditions of the urinary passages, and while acting 






;i curative, its tonic effects combine to give 
strength and vigor to the Impaired powen of 
tin- system. 

The large quantities of fa her with 

the iron so abundant in it, render it a took 

at value in many cases of irriUUdi and <reak 
<//)/' \q organs, I wnd 

to strengthen the tone of the stomach, and 
increase the red particles in the blood, which, 

irding to Lihbio, perform an Important part in 
respiration. Experiments have proved that the 
anmber of these particles may be doubled bj the 
ase of preparations of iron ; bat it must be remem- 
bered that the ordinary preparations of this mini 

to be obtained <.f the apothecary, produce coini 

■lively I'm l io through 

the alimentary passages witli v^ry little i 

tion. Mineral waters, on the COn1 I 

inferred from the experiments of Dr. B 

are introduced into the Hood by the absorb- 

B of the stomach, without any pre ■ \h>- 

Bttion or digestion, and "are thus admitted to 
the inner COOtS of all the blood-YOSBels, and to 
the minutest branches of the seen pa- 

rat uc 
Iii liner complainti, in 

and all cnt<tn<<>"x du SO with xJnirhj-lt 

■inn woundBmA uleen, this water, taken in small 
quantities — say, half a tumblerful at a draught 

but frequently through the day, and pi by 



>- 

SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



the free use of Congress or Empire Water, taken 
before breakfast (to promote free action of the 
bowels), will be found highly beneficial, strengthen- 
ing, and restorative. 

As a remedy also for chlorosis, and a variety of 
other complaints peculiar to the female sex, this 
water is especially recommended, and will prove a 
great blessing, adapted to restore the health and 
vigor of youth, and to impart a freshness and 
beauty to the complexion which can not be re- 
tained unless the female system is free from 
obstruction and in a healthy condition. These 
difficulties, being generally chronic in their 
nature, require a persevering use of the water ; and 
in most cases, to insure the best results, the bowels 
should be kept open by the occasional use of Con- 
gress or Empire Water taken in the morning. The 
want of a free action of the bowels is, indeed, often 
the procuring cause of many difficulties, such as 
irregularity and suppression, which might be 
avoided by the combined use of these waters, 
which, causing neither pain, nausea, nor any other 
unpleasant symptoms, yet impart freshness and 
vigor by their peculiar effects. 

Physicians at the springs, and elsewhere, fre- 
quently prescribe Columbian Water to follow a 
course of treatment with the more aperient waters 
of the Congress and Empire Springs. When suf- 
fering from the prostration and debility following 
either of the various forms of bilious, intermittent, 



and gastric fevers, the patient find its rep*] 
cilcrts extremely beneficial 

The quantity of water from this spring to be 
daily must aecessarily depend, In meeerne, 

no the state of the disease, and the condition of the 
stomach* It Lb therefore best to commence ta 
in small quantities at a time, and at regular Inter- 
nals, gradually increasing the quantity and fre- 
quency of the draughts, as may hem Babk 
to the stomach, and best adapted for each peculiar 
constitution or complaint. 

The proprietors bottle it In half pints, so that it 
can be used without a half pint being ordi- 

narily sufficient for two draught ribed. 

also bottled in pints, for those who prefer it 
put 1 1 ] > in this manner. 

When drank, the water beti alyb- 

eate taste, and a pungency indicative of the 

ence of a large portion of carbon] 



DANGER OF ARTIFICIAL WATERS. 



Thb Important - which these waters have 

rendered far away from their source, and the con- 
sequent increasing demand for them, have had 
the effect to stimulate the manufacture of arti- 
ficial mineral waters, which have frequently 



— — 

SARVTOGA SPRINGS. 



imposed upon the public by unscrupulous dealers 
as the genuine waters of these springs. 

The use of the terms "Congress Water," "Co- 
lumbian Water," or " Empire Water," alone or in 
combination with other words, when applied to 
any other than the liquids naturally flowing from 
these springs, is an evident violation of the rights 
of the proprietors, and a fraud upon the public. 
In a recent .case, determined in the United States 
Court, the manufacturer and vendor of an artificial 
compound sold as Congress Water were enjoined 
from putting up or selling " any water not of the 
natural flow of the said spring, in bottles or 
packages marked with the words * Congress Wa- 
ter/ or with words of like import." It would be 
well for the public if this matter were more fully 
understood, as the articles thus offered are entirely 
worthless, and often dangerous, the effects of them 
being wholly different from that of the genuine 
waters, frequently producing griping pains, ver- 
tigo, etc., and sometimes resulting in serious per- 
manent difficulties. They weaken the digestive 
powers, and destroy the tone of the stomach and 
bowels, often rendering a mild case of dyspepsia 
incurable. Old boxes and bottles, bearing the 
genuine brands, are often bought up by counter- 
feiters for the purpose of filling them with their 
valueless articles — for which reason purchasers 
should always examine the corks, which can not 
be used a second time, and which, if the waters 



VTOGA SPRINGS. 



■re genuine, will have the brand of the bottling 

company. 

The Injury Inflicted by the sale of these artificial 
compounds upon the proprietors and the publi< 
double; for on taking these spuria 
and finding either no effect, or injurious eflei 
from their use. purchaseni in future refuse the gen- 
uine waters, supposing they have already tried 
them; or, knowing that tin- waters used arv arti- 
ficial, decline the natural waters on the supp 
tion that they have tried what is in Ml the 

same, without benefit— as if the the 

slightest comparis >n between them ! 

That it is imposaible to form I ten arti- 

ficially, the testimony of scientific men is uniform 

and abundant. " It is inij>ossil>le. • lc- 

brated English chemist, Sir HuMPHHT Davy, 
"to recombine the ingredit as to make an 

article of equal quality, the t which will l>o 

the same as the natural water." Theli 
the late Dr. Jami.s Johnsoh, of London, is as 

follows: "Mineral wal D many 

which we can not imitate by artificial combina- 
tions. This is proved by every day's ohservat iona 

Thus, the saline, aperient mineral waters will pro- 
duce ten times more effect than the identical mate- 
rials artificially dissolved and mixed. The - 
true with respect to the chalybeate springs. A 
grain of iron im them is man iomic ikon ft* 
grains wMbk ting to t/« pktMrmatOpo 




4 



♦ 



SARATOGA SI' 



usually limited to a few brief woo ka — a time, in 
1 1 j : i t i too short, for these mild. n;itunil r 

cdics feo accomplish their perfect work. Tli 

Bands of visitors, therefore, find it p oc o si 
continue t } j • - after leaTi 

springe, and greet numbers of other snflerera from 
the various ills which fl- 
able to visit Saratoga, still find the waters a source 

of comfort and 04 alth. Tims, while the benefit of 
these springs is enjoy e tofttogm only by a 

comparatively limited number of persons, and 
principally during a brief JOSSOn, their bl 
are carried, by means of the bottled waters, all 
over the world, and are dl I to multiplied 

thousands, without regard to season or climate. A 
largo and important branch of commerce has thus 
sprung into existence, involving a liberal exj>en- 
ditnre Of capital, and furnishing einp!- 
directly or indirectly, to a great number of | 

The bottling and packing is carried on thr 
out the year, and. except during the height of the 
visiting season, when so much is consumed at the 
springs as materially to decrease 
bottling, the work is prosecuted night and d 
The arrangements for this purpose are then 
complete of any thing of the kind in the country. 
and all the various operations arc carried on with 
a care, skill, and perfection unsurpassed. 

In order to increase their facilities, the spring 
company have erected a glass-factory in the village, 






where they qoI only make all the bottles required 

in their own Immense K nainw | but till la- 
orders for all kinds of bottles lor other ]>ur|>oses» 
Borne eighteen or twent; in the My 

part of the vjiiii ed by the < * *i n- 

pany for the nee of theft opeaatfo 

h bottle, before being filled, is thoroughly 

Washed and rinsed With both warm and cold wji- 

bream of each of which is constantly ponri] 
into the tanks before ti To detach any 

Imparities thai cannot be removed by other means, 

a small hrass chain Ls dropped into each bottle and 

thoroughly shaken about The Bahatitntion of this 

simple and effective method Of cleansing for the 
for the use of sliot or pebblei i^ an Improvement 
which might well he adopted by every housewil 

The corks are either mannfart nred or imported 
expressly for this company, none I nit the finest 

quality being used, flor the protection of the 

public against manufactured, inferior, or spun 
mineral waters, each cork is distinctly branded on 
the side with the name of the water and the in;: 

of the company, thus: — 

OOTOBESfl W\i BKPIB1 \V\ti 

C. &E. S. 0a 0.4 

Columbian Wati 
C. & E. S. Co. 

Tlio brands nsod for this purp< into a 

small tabic, their lettered faces being nearly level 












with i r< kept hoi by i ]■ 

gas tuned os then front below, and the corks 

ra their brand by being rolled over the bi 
typei — m performing tin oper- 

ation with lt<;i1 rapidity. 

The win.- used i ring tl i la inanu- 

faotured expressly for the pui om the finest 

quality of copper, some 2000 Lbs. being required 
annually. 

rh< packing-boxes are nmde on thepienilBei 
are of uniform shape and si/ box holding 

two dOBBO OUai\ or /our duzi'ii j)int DOl 

Hash box receives fchs peculiar brand of the com' 

t on with shnril platen Pan -I. 

shoaMLba familiar with them brands, as well ai 
wit h (hone upon the and should carefully 

obserre them when buying the watt 

Each Imjx of Cougp H Water is branded on tin 
oul thus : 

COllKS 

(H'AliL (iiKiMJIXK 

OONGRKSS WATKR 

AIIE Hit AXE>EI> THUS 
COXGllKSS WATKB 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Each box of Congress Water is branded on the 
top thus: 

GLASS 
j0 *% 

CONGRESS SPUING 

WAT13K 

© i*'i ^ 

SAKATOOA SPUIKGS 

N.Y. 

Empire and Columbian Water boxes are simi- 
larly branded, the name, of course, being appro- 
priately changed in each case. 

The water is pumped from the spring through 
pure block tin pipes into a receiver holding from 
five to six gallons, from which it is drawn into the 
bottles ; the pipes, pump, and receiver being so 



SARATOGA -THINGS. 



Structed M to prevent any CSCapC of the nat- 
ural gases. The cork.-, after being soaked in 
warm water until they beOOOM BO SOU M to be 

lly compressed, are driven into the bottles by 
machinery, the process reducing their size before 
entering the bottles shoal one third It requires a 
strong bottle to stand the piuawuu of their expan- 
sion after being driven in, and even Strong n. 
sometimes find it difficult to ]>ull them out. A 
Single workman will fill and cork from fifteen 
twenty dozen bottles per hour. 

After being tilled and corked. 1 1 1 * - b< ittles an- laid 

upon their sides in large bins, holding from ooe 
hondred and fifty to two hundred dozen each, 

where they are allowed to remain four or ftl 

or longer, to tost the strength of the bottles by the 

expansion of the L r :is, and sllO tO dfl t o d any eorks 

that may l>e leaky or otherwise Imperfect. The 

breakage while in this situation, is about five 

per cent, of the whole numi>er filled, and 

times more. ThebottleS frequently burst with a 
sharp report, like the firing of a pistol or the 

cracking of champagne bottles. Every bottle that 

breaks, either while in the testing-bins. Off in any of 

the various ])roces8es of washing, filling, or pack- 
ing, is registered In the office of the company , by 

means of wins p»in^r from different \ the 

establishment, and centering then' in an apparatus 
arranged for the purpose. All 1< 
drawn, and the bottles refilled with water di: 




,JL 



ATOoA BI'Ri: 



from the Spring. While all those precaut. 

mid largely to the expense of putting np the 
they render ■ Leak/, and consequent!; 

bad l>ottle of -s, Empire, or C \ #1 nm 1 

Water almost Impossible, and thi render 

the breakage ot hottles in subsequent handling a 
matter of rare occurrence. 

When the bottlei and oorkl have been thus 
thoroughly tested, the c irki are securely wh 
this operation being p er f or med rapidity 

by employes Long trained to the work. 

The next prooesi is the packing In cases, which 

ISO done with g d remarkable « 

terity. The neck of each l>ottle Is firmly wound 
with clean new straw, and the bottles are placed 
on their sides in n. qua] number, s parting 

w being laid bet* h bottle and 

neighbor on either side. A layer Of straw is I 

placed between each tier of bottles, :»s well ss si the 
top and bottom of tl. When the! lod, 

the packer walks over the bottles, fin thedoable pur- 
pose of settling them properly In their places, and 
as a further test of theii ra the li 

put In its place and nailed down. If a bottle 

gives way under the weight of the pa« 

course the whole box is emptied, and not again 
repacked until it is thoroughly dry, as must !»«• all 

the straw which is used for parking. 

As immense quantities of I put 

up during the winter months, when the domes d 






o 

SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



comparatively small, and when the weather is 
usually too cold for their safe transportation, large 
storage capacity is required to secure and protect 
the stock on hand. Some idea of the room re- 
quired for this purpose may be formed from the 
fact that the buildings used exclusively for storing 
water in boxes, at the Congress Spring alone, have 
an area of over twelve thousand square feet on 
the ground floor, with capacity for safely keep- 
ing at a proper temperature through the winter 
months more than twenty thousand boxes of the 
water. 

The Company receive visitors at their bottling 
houses with great courtesy, and a pleasant hour 
may be spent in examining their establishment. 




* ■ ■ ^ 



Tho Song of tho Fountain Spirit. 



A laily OOfltrlblltai lb* foUowll |] tribut.- to ill.- 

virtnt-H of tht-KM woinlrrful w;it.is, wi rlOU Oti 

she fancifully dflttrUMI : 

" I dwbll belowl I dwell below ! 
And mortals on earth <-;m newer know 
The beauty and splendor thai till the home 
Prom whence their precJoufl fountains come, — 
Babbling up till they burst without, 
Sparkling, rippling, and dancing about, 

Freighted With health and brilliant with light, 
Soothing tho ear, and entrancing the sight 

Thus lings the spirit, in musical flow. 
In the glittering cave whose silvery glow, — 
From the crystal floor to the vaults! nave 
The sculptured wall and the architrave. 
The wreath-crowned column and canopy. 
Cornice and arch and tracery, — 






SONG OF THE FOUNTAIN SPIRIT. 



Outrivals the light of the fairest moon, 
Or noontide glow of the summer sun. 
She wieldeth her wand with a potent sway, 
Distilling, with magical alchemy, 
These healing waters, the bountiful draught, 
The health-giving nectar all may quaff. 
To her is given the guardian care 
Of the living fountains pure and fair ; 
Ever — forever — to blend and measure 
The portions that form the crystal treasure — 
And a benison prayer she breathes as she sings 
Of the health-giving waters that flow from the 
springs. 

u Come, ye who suffer, and lose your pain ; 
From beds of languishing rise again ; 
Drink of these waters for you unsealed, 
Partake of the fountains by Nature revealed ! 
O children of earth ! to you they are given, 
And the fairy's skill is the blessing of Heaven." 

Congeebs Park, Saratoga, 186T. 



Analysis of Congress Spring Water. 
The solid and gaseous contents of tins * 
according to bo analysis made by Dr. .Jons EL 
, at the Spring, are as follow 

Chloride of Sodium 

Hydriodate of Soda :;:><><> 

Bi-Carbonate of Soda 

Bi-Carbonate of Magnesia 

Carbonate of Lime 

Carbonate of Iron 

Silr\ and Alumina 

Hydro-Bromate of Potash, ■ trace. 

Solid contents in a gallon 51)7.Ji4i{ 

Carbonic Acid Gas 

atmospheric Air 1 

Gaseous contents in agallon. 818 en. inch* 

The corks of the genuine Congress Water an 

branded thus: 

C. , 



Analysis of Empire Spring Water. 
The Analysis of the Empire Water, by Proi 
R Emmons, is as follows: 

Chloride of Sodium 2Ci).(5 

Bi Carbonate of Lome Ill .82 1 

Bi-Carbonate of Magnesia 11 

Bi-Carbonate of Soda 

Hydriodate of Soda, or Iodine .... [2J 

Bi-Carbonate of Iron. I trace 

Solid contents in a gallon 496.3 



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